Classification:

Classification is the mechanical operation that aims to separate the solid constituent of a flowing pulp stream into two portions with the help of different settling rates of the solids

Rake Classifier:

A rake classifier is a solid-liquid separation device that operates on the principle of gravity settling, allowing particles to settle based on size and density. The settled solids are conveyed toward the discharge point by a moving mechanism, while the clarified liquid is removed from the top.

Advantages:

• Simple, cost-effective, and reliable
• Suitable for continuous operations

Detritor:

Primarily used in the mining industry, a detritor separates fine, gritty particles from slurries. It operates by generating a vortex within a tank using a rotating drum or rotor, which facilitates particle separation based on size and density.

Advantages:

• Highly efficient for fine particle separation
• Effectively removes abrasive materials from slurries

Continuous Vacuum Filtration:

This process is commonly used in industrial applications for the purification or concentration of various substances. The continuous nature of the process makes it highly effective for industries requiring ongoing, high-volume filtration.

Advantages:

• Consistency in filtrate quality
• High-capacity continuous operation
• Automated Operation

Types of Continuous Vacuum Filtration:

• Rotary Vacuum Drum Filter
• Rotary Disc Filter
• Horizontal filter

Sedimentation:

The process by which particles settle out of a fluid such as water or solvent by gravity and accumulate on a surface over time.

Types of Sedimentation:

Gravitational sedimentation: Occurs when particles settle under the influence of gravity.

Flocculation: A process where small particles clump together (flocs) to form larger particles that settle more easily.

Thickener or Clarifier:

Thickeners help increase the density of the solids in a slurry by allowing the finer particles to settle and concentrate at the bottom. It also aids in clarifying the liquid portion by allowing it to rise to the surface. 

Sometimes, flocculants (chemical agents) are added to the slurry before thickening. These chemicals help smaller particles clump together into larger flocs, which settle more quickly and efficiently.

Scrubbing

Scrubbing refers to the use of specialized equipment and processes to clean and remove contaminants from industrial environments, surfaces, or gases. The working principle involves Absorption or Adsorption and separation. This process helps maintain safety, efficiency, and compliance with environmental regulations.

Types of Srubbers:

• Venturi Scrubber
• Cyclonic Scrubber
• Spray Tower

HydroCyclone Separation

It is a technique used primarily in the field of mineral processing, water treatment, and other industries to separate particles in a liquid mixture based on their size and density. It works on the principle of centrifugal force. The denser particles are discharged from the bottom and lighter particles exit from the top.

Advantages:

• Efficiency
• Compact Size
• Cost-Effective
   

Batch Pressure Filtration

Pressure is applied to a slurry containing solid particles and liquid, which then forces the liquid through a filter medium, leaving the solids behind. It follows a four-step method of slurry loading, filtration, cake formation and discharge.

Advantages:

• High Pressure Efficiency
• Quality discharge
• Robust operation